Friday, 1 November 2013

techinfo

Android version history

Mr.Rahul Sagar

Global Android version distribution since December 2009. As of September 2013, Android 4.1/4.2 Jelly Bean is the most widely-used Android version, operating on around 45% of Android devices worldwide.
The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android beta in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Android is under ongoing development by Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since its initial release.
Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a codename and released according to alphabetical order: Cupcake (1.5), Donut (1.6), Eclair (2.0–2.1), Froyo (2.2–2.2.3), Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7), Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6), Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4), Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3), and KitKat (4.4). On 3 September 2013 Google announced that 1 billion activated devices now use the Android OS worldwide.[1] The most recent major Android update was Jelly Bean 4.3, which was released on commercial devices on 24 July 2013 via an OTA update.[2][3]
On 31 October 2013, Google released Jelly Bean's successor as Android 4.4, KitKat.

Pre-commercial release versions (2007–2008)

Android alpha

There were at least two internal releases inside Google and the OHA before the Android beta was released in November 2007. For internal milestone in internal releases, names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "Astro Boy", "Bender" and "R2-D2".[4][5][6] Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.[7] The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived of the confections naming scheme that has been used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5

Android beta

The Android beta was released on 5 November 2007,[8][9] while the software development kit (SDK) was released on 12 November 2007.[10] The 5 November date is popularly celebrated as Android's "birthday".[11] Public beta versions of the SDK were released in the following order:
  • 16 November 2007: m3-rc22a[12]
  • 14 December 2007: m3-rc37a[13]
  • 13 February 2008: m5-rc14[14]
  • 3 March 2008: m5-rc15[15]
  • 18 August 2008: 0.9[16]
  • 23 September 2008: 1.0-r1[17]

Version history by API level

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android OS updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels.
[hide]

Android 4.4 KitKat (API level 19)

Android 4.4 KitKat (API level 19)
Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat (named in collaboration with Nestlé and Hershey) on 3 September 2013.[121] The release had long been expected to be numbered 5.0 and called 'Key Lime Pie'.[122]
Version Release date Features Image(s)
4.4 31 October 2013[123][124]
  • Refreshed interface with translucent status and navigation bars on home screen and white status bar icons/text, ability for apps to trigger the translucent appearance.[125]
  • Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, Low RAM device API
  • Printing framework
  • NFC Host Card Emulation for emulating smart cards
  • WebViews based off Chromium (feature parity with Chrome 30)
  • Expanded functionality for Notification listener services
  • Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients, ability to specify a default SMS app.[126]
  • New framework for UI transitions
  • Storage access framework for retrieving content and documents from other sources
  • Sensor batching, Step Detector and Counter APIs
  • "Immersive" full screen mode, software buttons and status bar accessed with an edge swipe gesture
  • Audio tunneling, audio monitoring, loudness enhancer
  • Built-in screen recording
  • Native infrared blaster API
  • Expanded accessibility APIs, system-level closed captioning settings
  • New experimental runtime virtual machine, ART[127]
  • Bluetooth Message Access Profile (MAP) support[128]
 Nexus 5.png
Android 4.4 on the Nexus 5

Hardware requirements

Minimum hardware requirements have been upgraded in steps over time, with the new Android versions releases. Original minimums were 32 MB of RAM, 32 MB of Flash Memory, and a 200 MHz ARM architecture (ARMv5) processor.[129][130]
As of November 2013, current versions of Android require at least 512 MB of RAM, an ARMv7 processor or optionally MIPS or x86 architecture processor, and an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing unit (GPU).[citation needed]

See also

References

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